Abstract.  Migraine, characterized by hyperalgesia of the trigeminovascular system, is
a severe condition that leads to severe reductions in the quality of life. Upon external
stimula‑tion, the levels of various neurotransmitters, including aspartic acid (Asp),
glutamic acid (Glu), γ‑amino butyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine (NE) and 5‑hydrox
ytryptamine (5‑HT), are significantly altered; this directly or indirectly promotes
trigeminal hypersensitivity.

Acetic acid was purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory.
Chengdu Alfa Biotechnology Co., Ltd. provided casticin, luteolin and 3,6,7‑trimethylquercetagetin.